A slush fund, colloquially, is an auxiliary monetary account or a reserve fund. However, in the context of corrupt dealings, such as those by governments or large corporations, a slush fund can have particular connotations of illegality, illegitimacy, or secrecy in regard to the use of this money and the means by which the funds were acquired.
Political dealings with slush funds tend to create suspicions of quid pro quo (buying political favors), and can be viewed on the surface as corrupt and subversive of the democratic process ( According to Wikipedia )
"Allegations of secret party slush funds and payoffs to top politicians in Spain could undermine essential banking and budgetary reforms."
Graft, a form of political corruption, is the unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for personal gain. Most governmental systems have laws in place to prevent graft although this does not always halt political corruption.
A traditional example of political graft is when someone exchanges a political donation for political favour (e.g. ristournes in Quebec or tangenti in Italy). ( According to Wikipedia )"But investor concerns about the slow pace of economic reforms, government corruption scandals and widespread graft have come to a head".
cronyism
Cronyism is partiality to long-standing friends, especially by appointing them to positions of authority, regardless of their qualifications. Hence, cronyism is contrary in practice and principle to meritocracy.
Cronyism exists when the appointer and the beneficiary are in social contact; often, the appointer is inadequate to hold his or her own job or position of authority, and for this reason the appointer appoints individuals who will not try to weaken him or her, or express views contrary to those of the appointer. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used. ( According to Wikipaedia )
"GCC has been accused of 'cronyism' in the past for foregoing a competitive tendering process and awarding the contract to BPP because of links between senior figures at the authority and the planning consultancy".
cabal
A cabal is a group of people united in some close design together, usually to promote their private views or interests in a church, state, or other community, often by intrigue. ( According to Wikipaedia )
A cabal is a group of people united in some close design together, usually to promote their private views or interests in a church, state, or other community, often by intrigue. ( According to Wikipaedia )
" Marbella property cabal jailed for €3.8bn graft racket" The Times Oct 5 2013
kickback
A kickback is a form of negotiated bribery in which a commission is paid to the bribe-taker as a quid pro quo for services rendered. Generally speaking, the remuneration (money, goods, or services handed over) is negotiated ahead of time. The purpose of the kickback is usually to encourage the other party to cooperate in the illegal scheme. ( According to Wikipaedia )
No comments:
Post a Comment
You are welcome to give your opinion here
Note: only a member of this blog may post a comment.